Dental News - Bone augmentation of canine frontal sinuses using a porous α-tricalcium phosphate for implant treatment

Drs. Masataka Hirose, Naoya Uemura, Yoshiya Hashimoto, Isumi Toda & Shunsuke Baba

Tue. 4. April 2017

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Objective: Compared with hydroxyapatite, alpha-tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) is more biodegradable and shows better integration during physiological bone remodeling. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of porous α-TCP as a tissue-engineered scaffold for maxillary sinus augmentation in a canine model.

Materials and methods
Porous α-TCP was prepared by pulverizing an α-TCP block with an 80% continuous pore structure. Bilateral sinus floor augmentation surgeries were performed on beagle dogs that were randomly divided into two groups based on the type of repair: The experimental group received a porous α-TCP and titanium (Ti) implant, and the control group received a Ti implant. Periimplant bone volume (BV) and bone mineral content (BMC) were measured and analyzed using micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and Villanueva–Goldner staining for histological examination. The intergroup differences were evaluated using the Student’s t-test.

Results
Micro-CT images at 12 weeks after surgery showed higher BV and BMC in the experimental group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Histological examination showed high levels of α-TCP even at four weeks, but the scaffolds were completely absorbed and new bone integrated into the Ti implants at 12 and 24 weeks. However, no bone formation was observed in the control group throughout the study.

Conclusions
Porous α-TCP increased BV and promoted bone mineralization and earlier bone formation in the augmented maxillary sinus. Therefore, this tissue-engineered scaffold might be a better alternative to autologous bone for maxillary sinus augmentation.

Editorial note: The full article was published in the 1/2017 issue of the Journal of Oral Science and Rehabilitation. It can be accessed free of charge at www.dtscience.com.

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