Dental News - Penicillin-allergic patients may present a higher risk of dental implant failure, study suggests

Dental Tribune International

Fri. 23. November 2018

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BARCELONA, Spain: Several studies have dealt with the possible causes of implant failure. Recurring topics include nutrition and smoking. A recent study at the Universitat Internacional de Catalunya in Barcelona has evaluated whether patients allergic to penicillin present a higher incidence of dental implant failure compared with non-allergic patients.

The cross-sectional clinical study analysed patients rehabilitated with endosseous dental implants between September 2011 and July 2015 at the university’s dental clinic. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy before the implant surgery was prescribed for all patients, consisting of amoxicillin for non-penicillin-allergic patients and clindamycin for penicillin-allergic patients. The same antibiotics were prescribed postoperatively to prevent early implant failure and postoperative infection. Implant failure was defined as the required removal of the implant for any reason and was classified as early or late failure.

Of the 1,210 patients included in the study, 8.03 per cent of non-allergic patients and 24.68 per cent of penicillin-allergic patients presented at least one implant failure. In penicillin-allergic patients, 21.05 per cent were classified as late implant failure and 78.95 per cent as early implant failure, and a lack of osseointegration (80 per cent) was the mean reason for early implant failure. Penicillin-allergic patients demonstrated a higher risk of implant failure with a risk ratio of 3.84 (95 per cent CI) compared with non-allergic patients.

The study found that penicillin-allergic patients treated with clindamycin presented almost four times the risk of suffering dental implant failure. However, variables such as implant brand and location, and the surgeon’s skill might have influenced these results, the researchers concluded.

The study, titled “Do penicillin-allergic patients present a higher rate of implant failure?”, was published in the November/December 2018 issue of the International Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Implants.

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