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BUFFALO, N.Y., USA: Despite multiple cross-sectional, epidemiologic studies suggesting an association between periodontal disease and edentulism, and hypertension, the exact relationship between them remains unclear. In a new study, researchers from the University at Buffalo have found that postmenopausal women who have experienced tooth loss have a higher risk of developing high blood pressure.
In the Women's Health Initiative-Observational Study, researchers looked at data from 36,692 postmenopausal women in the U.S., who were followed annually—from initial periodontal assessment in 1998 through to 2015—for newly diagnosed hypertension.
According to the researchers, an association was found between tooth loss and hypertension risk among postmenopausal women, who had an approximately 20 per cent higher chance of developing hypertension. The association was also stronger among younger women and those with a larger body mass index. However, there was no association found between periodontal disease and hypertension.
The researchers suggested that a possible explanation for the results is that when people lose teeth, they may change their diets to incorporate softer and more processed foods. These changes in their dietary patterns could then be a contributing factor towards their developing hypertension. Researchers therefore believe that improved dental hygiene among those at risk for tooth loss, as well as preventive measures, such as closer blood pressure monitoring, dietary modifications, physical activity and weight loss may reduce risks of developing blood pressure problems.
The study, titled “Association of periodontal disease and edentulism with hypertension risk in postmenopausal women” was published on 4 December in the American Journal of Hypertension.
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