Novel biomaterial promotes dentine and neural regeneration

Dental Tribune International

Thu. 22. January 2026

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SHANGHAI, China: Although root canal therapy and vital pulp therapy can be effective in controlling infection and preserving tooth structure, they do not restore innervation of the pulp–dentine complex. To overcome this limitation, researchers in China have developed a material that could support functional regeneration of the pulp–dentine complex by promoting both dentine formation and neural regeneration.

In the study, the research team, led by Prof. Chengtie Wu of the Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, developed a composite hydrogel incorporating lithium, calcium and silicate bioceramics within a gelatin-based matrix. “Most biomaterials that are currently used are focused on antibacterial properties, immune regulation and mineral deposition,” Prof. Wu said in a press release. “As nerves play a very important role in the dentine–pulp complex, the reinnervation property of the biomaterial used in the treatment is equally important,” he continued.

According to the results, the hydrogel demonstrated favourable handling properties, including good injectability and shape stability and rapid light-activated cross-linking, supporting its potential use as a restorative material. Additionally, the material maintained structural stability under simulated oral conditions and showed enhanced mechanical strength and mineralisation capacity.

In vitro experiments showed that the hydrogel supported the proliferation, migration and neurogenic differentiation of Schwann cells, which are essential for neural regeneration. The material also promoted the proliferation, migration and odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp stem cells, reflecting coordinated neural and odontogenic activity. The findings indicate that the hydrogel creates a neuromodulatory microenvironment that supports integrated pulp–dentine repair.

In vivo testing in a rat model further demonstrated pulp–dentine regeneration and increased mineral density. Regenerated pulp tissue showed organised morphology and evidence of reinnervation. While further studies are needed to clarify immunomodulatory and antibacterial effects, the authors conclude that the composite hydrogel represents a promising biomaterial strategy for functional pulp–dentine regeneration.

The study, titled “An injectable bioceramics-containing composite hydrogel promoting innervation for pulp-dentin complex repair”, was published online on 1 October 2025 in the International Journal of Oral Science.