Management of complex endodontic cases using Er:YAG and Er,Cr:YSGG lasers by Drs Bartłomiej Karaś & Grzegorz Witkowski

• 1.Filpo-Perez C, Bramante CM, Villas-Boas MH, Húngaro Duarte MA, Versiani MA, Ordinola-Zapata R. Micro-computed tomographic analysis of the root canal morphology of the distal root of mandibular first molar. J Endod. 2015 Feb;41(2):231–6. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.09.024.
• 2.Ordinola-Zapata R, Bramante CM, Versiani MA, Moldauer BI, Topham G, Gutmann JL, Nuñez A, Duarte MA, Abella F. Comparative accuracy of the clearing technique, CBCT and micro-CT methods in studying the mesial root canal configuration of mandibular first molars. Int Endod J. 2017 Jan;50(1):90–6. doi: 10.1111/iej.12593.
• 3.Weller RN, Niemczyk SP, Kim S. Incidence and position of the canal isthmus. Part 1. Mesiobuccal root of the maxillary first molar. J Endod. 1995 Jul;21(7):380–3. doi: 10.1016/s0099-2399(06)80975-1.
• 4.Schilder H. Cleaning and shaping the root canal. Dent Clin North Am. 1974 Apr;18(2):269–96.
• 5.Paqué F, Boessler C, Zehnder M. Accumulated hard tissue debris levels in mesial roots of mandibular molars after sequential irrigation steps. Int Endod J. 2011 Feb;44(2):148–53. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2010.01823.x.
• 6.Jezeršek M, Lukač N, Lukač M. Measurement of simulated debris removal rates in an artificial root canal to optimize laser-activated irrigation parameters. Lasers Surg Med. 2021 Mar;53(3):411–7. doi: 10.1002/lsm.23297.
• 7.De Moor RJ, Blanken J, Meire M, Verdaasdonk R. Laser induced explosive vapor and cavitation resulting in effective irrigation of the root canal. Part 2: evaluation of the efficacy. Lasers Surg Med. 2009 Sep;41(7):520–3. doi: 10.1002/lsm.20797.
• 8.De Moor RJ, Meire M, Goharkhay K, Moritz A, Vanobbergen J. Efficacy of ultrasonic versus laser-activated irrigation to remove artificially placed dentin debris plugs. J Endod. 2010 Sep;36(9):1580–3. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2010.06.007.
• 9.Peeters HH, Suardita K. Efficacy of smear layer removal at the root tip by using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and erbium, chromium: yttrium, scandium, gallium garnet laser. J Endod. 2011 Nov;37(11):1585–9. doi: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.08.022.
• 10.Deleu E, Meire MA, De Moor RJ. Efficacy of laser-based irrigant activation methods in removing debris from simulated root canal irregularities. Lasers Med Sci. 2015 Feb;30(2):831–5. doi: 10.1007/s10103-013-1442-y.
• 11.Blanken JW, Verdaasdonk RM. Cavitation as a working mechanism of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser in endodontics: a visualization study. J Oral Laser Appl. 2007;7(2):97–106.
• 12.Blanken J, De Moor RJ, Meire M, Verdaasdonk R. Laser induced explosive vapor and cavitation resulting in effective irrigation of the root canal. Part 1: a visualization study. Lasers Surg Med. 2009 Sep;41(7):514–9. doi: 10.1002/lsm.20798.
• 13.De Groot SD, Verhaagen B, Versluis M, Wu MK, Wesselink PR, van der Sluis LW. Laser-activated irrigation within root canals: cleaning efficacy and flow visualization. Int Endod J. 2009 Dec;42(12):1077–83. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2009.01634.x.
• 14.Guidotti R, Merigo E, Fornaini C, Rocca JP, Medioni E, Vescovi P. Er:YAG 2,940-nm laser fiber in endodontic treatment: a help in removing smear layer. Lasers Med Sci. 2014 Jan;29(1):69–75. doi: 10.1007/s10103-012-1217-x.
• 15.Licata ME, Albanese A, Campisi G, Geraci DM, Russo R, Gallina G. Effectiveness of a new method of disinfecting the root canal, using Er, Cr:YSGG laser to kill Enterococcus faecalis in an infected tooth model. Lasers Med Sci. 2015 Feb;30(2):707–12. doi: 10.1007/s10103-013-1410-6.
• 16.Peeters HH, Mooduto L. Radiographic examination of apical extrusion of root canal irrigants during cavitation induced by Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation: an in vivo study. Clin Oral Investig. 2013 Dec;17(9):2105–12. doi: 10.1007/s00784-012-0910-2.
• 17.Martins MR, De Moor R, Gutknecht N, Franzen R. Endodontic impact of cavitation and bubble formation induced by 2780-nm Er,Cr:YSGG laser using radial firing tips on simulated root canals. Laser Dent Sci. 2022 Jun 4;6:195–204. doi: 10.1007/s41547-022-00160-3.
• 18.Doğanay Yıldız E, Dinçer B, Fidan ME. Effect of different laser-assisted irrigation activation techniques on apical debris extrusion. Acta Odontol Scand. 2020 Jul;78(5):332–6. doi: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1717603.
• 19.Panthangi S, Vishwaja U, Reddy CL, Babu MB, Podili S. Novel SWEEPS technology in endodontics—a review. Indian J Conserv Endod. 2021;6(3):134–42. doi: 10.18231/j.ijce.2021.030.
• 20.Su Z, Li Z, Shen Y, Bai Y, Zheng Y, Pan C, Hou B. Characteristics of the irrigant flow in a simulated lateral canal under two typical laser-activated irrigation regimens. Lasers Surg Med. 2020 Sep 10. doi: 10.1002/lsm.23317.