Influence of abutment material and detersion protocol on bacterial adhesion: An in vitro study

Dr. Luca Sbricoli, et al.

Mon. 2. July 2018

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In recent years, periimplantitis has been extensively studied as bone loss has been observed around dental implants. As a result of multiple factors, different materials might enhance different patterns of bacterial plaque accumulation. The purpose of this research was to assess bacterial adhesion to different abutments and define the efficacy of different detersion protocols in reducing bacterial adhesion.

Methods: Four kinds of prefabricated abutments were analyzed: machined pure titanium abutments without anodization, machined gold hue and pink hue anodized pure titanium abutments and zirconia abutments with titanium connectors. All of the (sterile) abutments were immersed in separate bacterial suspensions (Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Streptococcus pyogenes and Escherichia coli) and contaminated with 3 × 10⁸ colony-forming units per mL of each bacterial species suspension. Then, the following detersion protocols were compared: no treatment representing the internal control, 10 min rinsing with water, 10 min incubation in 0.05% chlorhexidine. The microbial abatement was determined by swab collection of abutment-attached microbes and swab streaking on specific culture plates in a semiquantitative manner. Microbial growth was determined at 24 and 48 hours after inoculation.

Results: Contaminated abutments that had not undergone any cleaning treatment displayed a microbial growth up to the third quadrant of the culture plate. Chlorhexidine rinsing completely removed bacterial contamination. No statistically significant differences were found in terms of bacterial adhesion and bacterial growth among the different types of abutments.

Conclusion: All of the analyzed abutments displayed similar characteristics with regard to bacterial adhesion. A low concentration of chlorhexidine had a significant disinfectant activity, regardless of the type of abutment.

Editorial note: The full article was published in the 1/2018 issue of the Journal of Oral Science and Rehabilitation.

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