Study on autologous blood products in osseointegration

Anisha Hall Hoppe, Dental Tribune International

Tue. 12. December 2023

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ALEXANDRIA, Egypt: Growth factor-containing products have long been studied as a way to enhance osseointegration. Researchers at Alexandria University have undertaken a randomised clinical trial of the efficacy of a third-generation platelet concentrate, concentrated growth factor (CGF), in comparison with a second-generation one, platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), in enhancing osseointegration around immediately placed dental implants. They measured implant stability, peri-implant bone density and horizontal bone dimensions, offering crucial insights into the optimisation of implant treatment.

The study involved 14 patients requiring mandibular premolar extraction and immediate implant placement. The participants were randomly allocated to treatment with a CGF membrane (study group) or with a PRF membrane (control group) placed in the implant osteotomies. No significant complications were reported after implantation.

For the study group, a statistically significant improvement in implant stability was noted from the time of placement (64.29 ± 14.09 ISQ) to three months thereafter (80.86 ± 10.49 ISQ). Similarly, the control group showed a significant increase in implant stability over the same period, from 67.14 ± 17.63 ISQ to 78.57 ± 10.69 ISQ. No significant difference in stability was observed between the two groups at any interval.

Radiographic bone density analysis revealed a statistically significant increase in peri-implant bone density in the study group, from 902.97 ± 106.22 HU immediately postoperatively to 1,248.31 ± 247.22 HU three months later. The control group also showed a statistically significant, but lesser, increase in bone density, from 743.21 ± 222.27 HU to 811.17 ± 209.45 HU. Upon comparison between the groups, the study group exhibited statistically significantly higher bone density values at three months. The horizontal bone dimensions in both groups showed no significant changes or losses after three months, indicating successful osseointegration without significant bone loss around the implant site.

In conclusion, both PRF and CGF showed enhanced osseointegration around the implants, and marginally better implant stability and bone density results were observed in the CGF group. However, the differences were not statistically significant overall. The researchers recommend future research on the use of CGF membranes in oral surgeries and larger-sample studies on CGF application in implant surgery.

The study, titled “A comparative study between the effect of platelet rich fibrin and concentrated growth factors on osseointegration of immediate implants (a randomized clinical trial)”, was published in the August 2023 issue of the Alexandria Dental Journal.